東南アジア諸国連合(ASEAN)
##æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åïŒASEANïŒãšã¯äœã§ããïŒ
æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åïŒASEANïŒã¯ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ããã³ç°å€ªå¹³æŽå°åã®10ãåœãããªãå°åçµç¹ã§ããããã®æ¿åºã¯ãã®å°åã®ç€ŸäŒæåçãçµæžçãæ¿æ²»çé²æ©ãä¿é²ããããã«ååããŠããŸãã
ç°å€ªå¹³æŽè«žåœã®èªç±è²¿æãšæç¶å¯èœãªéçºãä¿é²ãã21ã®ã¡ã³ããŒãããªãçµæžã°ã«ãŒãã§ããã¢ãžã¢å€ªå¹³æŽçµæžååïŒAPECïŒã®å ¬åŒãªãã¶ãŒããŒã§ãã
##æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åïŒASEANïŒãç解ãã
ASEANã¯ã1967幎ã«ãã³ã³ã¯å®£èšã«çœ²åããŠèšç«ãããŸãããåäŒã¯åœåã次ã®5人ã®ã¡ã³ããŒã§æ§æãããŠããŸããã
-ã€ã³ããã·ã¢
-ãã¬ãŒã·ã¢
- ãã£ãªãã³
-ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«
-ã¿ã€
ãã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®æ¬æ¥ã®ç®çã¯ãã¡ã³ããŒéã®ç·åŒµãåããããã®å°åã§ã®å ±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®åºãããæããããšã§ãããããããASEANã®åªå é äœã¯å€ãã£ãã 1990幎代ã«ãåäŒã¯ãããã ïŒ1995幎ïŒãšã©ãªã¹ïŒ1997幎ïŒã®å ±ç£äž»çŸ©åœãšæºå ±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®ã«ã³ããžã¢ïŒ1999幎ïŒãçµã¿èŸŒãã ããã«ãã€ã¯1984幎ã«ããã£ã³ããŒã¯1997幎ã«å çããŸããã1995幎ã®åå®ã«ãããæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã«éæ žå°åž¯ãåµèšãããŸããã
1993幎以æ¥ããããã¯ã¯ASEANèªç±è²¿æå°åãåµèšããããã«é¢çšãåŒãäžããŠããŸãããããã¯ãã°ã«ãŒãã®Webãµã€ãã§ãäºå®äžç¢ºç«ãããããšèª¬æãããŠããŸãããã®çµæãASEANã®å ±åæžãASEANããŒæ°å€2021ãã«ãããšãASEANã®ç·åå貿æã¯2000幎ã®7900åãã«ãã2020幎ã«ã¯2.6å ãã«ã«å¢å ããã
ã®åœå ç·çç£ïŒGDPïŒã®åèšã§3å ãã«ã«çžåœãããã®ã°ã«ãŒãã¯äžçã§5çªç®ã«å€§ããªçµæžãšèŠãªãããŠããŸãã ASEANã®å ±åã«ãããšã2020幎ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®ç·äººå£ã¯6å6,180äžäººã§ããã
ASEAN宣èšã§ã¯ãASEANã¯æ¬¡ã®ããšãéæããããšãç®æããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
-å°åã®çµæžæé·ã瀟äŒã®é²æ©ãããã³å°åã®æåççºå±
-å°åã®åœã éã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããæ£çŸ©ãšæ³ã®æ¯é ã®å°éãéµå®ããããšã«ããå°åã®å¹³åãšå®å®
-çµæžã瀟äŒãæåãæè¡ãç§åŠãããã³è¡æ¿ã®åéã§å ±éã®é¢å¿äºã«é¢ããååãšçžäºæ¯æŽ
-æè²ãå°éãæè¡ãããã³ç®¡çã®åéã§ã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããã³ç 究æœèšãéããçžäºæ¯æŽ
-ASEANå çåœéã®èŸ²æ¥ååã
##å çåœ
åœåãASEANã¯5ã«åœã«éããŸããã§ãããããã®åŸæ¡å€§ããŠããŸãããåœãåå ããæ¥ä»ã¯ä»¥äžã®æ¬åŒ§å ã«ããã2022幎ã«ã¯ãããã®åœã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
-ãã«ãã€ã»ãã«ãµã©ãŒã ïŒ1984幎1æ7æ¥ïŒ
-ã«ã³ããžã¢ïŒ1999幎4æ30æ¥ïŒ
-ã€ã³ããã·ã¢ïŒ1967幎8æ8æ¥ïŒ
-ãã£ã³ããŒïŒ1997幎7æ23æ¥ïŒ
-ã©ãªã¹ïŒ1997幎7æ23æ¥ïŒ
-ãã¬ãŒã·ã¢ïŒ1967幎8æ8æ¥ïŒ
-ãã£ãªãã³ïŒ1967幎8æ8æ¥ïŒ
-ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ïŒ1967幎8æ8æ¥ïŒ
-ã¿ã€ïŒ1967幎8æ8æ¥ïŒ
-ãããã ïŒ1995幎7æ28æ¥ïŒ
倪åã®å çåœã¯å ã®5ãåœã§ãããããã¯æ£åŒãªASEANè«žåœã§ãããäžèšã®ãªã¹ãã«å«ãŸããåœãå«ã¿ãäžè¯äººæ°å ±ååœãæ¥æ¬ã倧éæ°åœïŒéåœïŒãè¿œå ããASEAN+3ãšåŒã°ããå¥ã®çµç¹ããããŸãã
##ASEANã®åºç€
ãã®çµç¹ã¯ããã®å°åã®æ¯é ãç¶æããäžçã®èå°ã§ãã®çµæžçåªäœæ§ãšå®å šæ§ãé«ããããšãç®çãšããçµç¹ã§ãã ASEANã¯ãŸããåœå¢ãè¶ããæ¯æŽãããã¯ãŒã¯ãæäŸããªãããååœã®åã ã®æåã®çºå±ãä¿é²ããŠããŸãã
###çµæžç
ASEANèªç±è²¿æå°åïŒAFTAïŒã¯ã1992幎ã«èšç«ãããASEANå ã®è²¿æãšæè³ãå¢ããããšãç®çãšããŠãåœå®¶éã«åäžã®åžå Žãåµåºããããšãç®æšãšããŠããŸãããã®å°åã¯ãŸããç¶ç¶çãªå€åœæè³ãèªèŽããããšãç®æããŠããŸãããæè³ãè¡ãããå°åã®æ¯é ã倱ãããšã®ãªãããã«ããŠããŸãã
AFTAã«ãããååŒã¯ãããŸã§ãããå€§å¹ ã«å®äŸ¡ã«ãªããŸããã 1996幎ãASEANãŸãŒã³ã®é¢çšã¯çŽ7ïŒ ã§ããã 2021幎ã«ã¯ããããã¯äºå®äžãŒãã§ãã AFTAã¯ãASEANå 貿æã®åãçµã¿ã11ã®ã»ã¯ã¿ãŒã«éäžãããããé»åæ©åšãèªåè»è£œåããŽã ããŒã¹ã®è£œåãç¹ç¶ã芳å ã蟲ç£ç©ã«éç¹ã眮ããã
ASEANå çåœã¯ãå°ççãªå¢çãè¶ããŠæ¡å€§ããããã«ã2020幎ã«å°åå æ¬ççµæžé£æºïŒRCEPïŒã«çœ²åããŸããããã®åå®ã¯ãé¢çšã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããšã¯ãããŸããããASEANè«žåœã®çµæžåãæ¡å€§ããŸãã
ãã³ãããã¯ã¯ASEANã®çµæžç¶æ³ã«åŒ·ã圱é¿ãåãŒããæœåšçãªèŠ³å ãšè²¿æã®æ倱ã¯çŽ4,000åãã«ã«éããŸããã
ïŒïŒïŒå®å š
è»äºåé¡ãåœå ã®å®å šä¿éæ¿çã«å¯Ÿããååœã®åå¥ã®å§¿å¢ã«ãããçµæžè²¿æã¯å®å šä¿éããã調æŽã容æã§ãã ASEANè«žåœã®å®å šä¿éãžã®çŠç¹ã¯ãäžåœã®åã·ãæµ·ã®äž»åŒµã人暩䟵害ãæ¿æ²»çæå§ã麻è¬å¯å£²ãé£æ°åé¡ãèªç¶çœå®³ããããŠåœå ããã³åœéããã®äž¡æ¹ã«é¢ä¿ããŠããã
ãããã®åé¡ã¯ã2021幎ã®ãã£ã³ããŒã§ã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã«ãã£ãŠè€éã«ãªããŸãããæŽåçãªè»¢èŠã¯ãäžéšã®ASEANè«žåœã§ã¯æ¯æãããŠãããä»ã®åœã§ã¯æ¯æãããŠããããçµç¹ã®åè£ãåŒãèµ·ãããŠããŸãã
ååœã¯æ倧ã®è²¿æçžæåœã§ããäžåœãšç¬èªã®é¢ä¿ãæã£ãŠãããããååœã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ASEANã€ãã·ã¢ãããæ¯æŽããããšãé£ãããšæããŠããŸããããã¯ãäžéšã®ASEANè«žåœã§ã®è»äºéçºã®å¢å ã«ã€ãªãããäžåœãžã®äŸµå ¥ãé²ãããã®ç±³åœã®æ¯æŽã«ãããASEANè«žåœã¯åœç¶ã®ããšãªãã2ã€ã®ãžã§ãããŒãªè¶ 倧åœã«ããã圌ãã®ç«å Žã«æžå¿µãæ±ããŠããŸãã
##ç±³åœãšASEANã®é¢ä¿
å€ãã®ASEANè¿é£è«žåœã¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒãè±å¯ãªåã·ãæµ·ã«é åã䞻匵ããŠãããè¿é£è«žåœããããŠäœãããäžåœã®éã§ç«¶äºãåŒãèµ·ãããŠããŸãããããã®äž»åŒµã解決ããè©Šã¿ã倱æããããšã¯ãç°å€ªå¹³æŽããŒãããŒã·ããïŒTPPïŒããæ€éãããšãããã©ã³ãæ¿æš©ã®æ±ºå®ãšåæ§ã«ãã°ã«ãŒãã®åœ±é¿åã匱äœåãããŸããã
TPPã¯ãç±³åœãã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ããã«ãã€ããããã ããã¬ãŒã·ã¢ãšãæ¥æ¬ãã¡ãã·ã³ãã«ããããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ãªã©ã®éASEAN倪平æŽå°åè«žåœãšã®éã®è²¿æãä¿é²ããèªç±è²¿æåå®ã§ãããããŒãããŒã·ãããžã®ç±³åœã®é¢äžãæé€ãããã©ã³ãã¯ãç±³åœãããŒãããŒã·ããã®äžã§çŸ€ãæããŠæ倧ã®ååšã§ãã£ããããä»ã®å çåœã«é倧ãªçµæžç圱é¿ãåãŒããŸããã
å¥ã®äž»èŠãªåç±³ã®è²¿æçžæåœã¯ãç±³åœãæ€éããåŸãäžåœãTPPã®å çãç³è«ããŠããããšãç¥ããã«ããã¯ç±³åœã®é¢è±ããã£ããã«TPPã«åå ããŸããã以åã¯TPPãšåŒã°ããŠããããŒãããŒã·ããã¯ãç°å€ªå¹³æŽããŒãããŒã·ããïŒCPTPPïŒã®å æ¬çãã€é²æ©çãªåå®ã«æ¹åããŸããã
圌ãã¯TPPããæ€éããããç±³åœã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠASEANãšã®åŒ·ãé¢ä¿ãæã£ãŠãããçµç¹ã®4çªç®ã«å€§ããªè²¿æçžæåœã§ãããæåã®3ã€ã¯ãäžåœãEUãããã³æ¥æ¬ã§ãã 2020幎ã«ã¯ã3,070åãã«ä»¥äžãç±³åœãšASEANã®éã§ååŒãããŸããã
##äžåœãšASEANã®é¢ä¿
äžè¯äººæ°å ±ååœãASEANãã©ã¹3ãšåŒã°ããASEANã®è¿œå 3å çåœã®1ã€ã§ããããšãèãããšãäžåœã¯ASEANã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã ãã§ãªããæ倧ã®è²¿æçžæåœã§ããããšèšã£ãŠãéèšã§ã¯ãããŸããã 2021幎ãäžåœãšASEANã¯ååããŒãããŒã·ããã®30åšå¹Žãèšå¿µããŸããã
1997幎ã®å ±å声æã2003幎ã®æŠç¥çããŒãããŒã·ããã«é¢ããå ±å宣èšãªã©ãäžåœãšASEANã®éã§çœ²åãããè€æ°ã®å®£èšããããŸããäžåœã¯ASEANã®çºå±ãšãã®å°åãžã®çµ±åã«éåžžã«é¢å¿ãæã£ãŠããããã§ããã圌ããæ¿æ²»çå®å šä¿éååãçµæžçã瀟äŒæåçååã«é¢å¿ãæã£ãŠãããšãã声æã
ããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ASEANè«žåœãåžžã«äžåœãšå¹³åã§ãããšããããšã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®å°åã§ã®ããã€ãã®è»äºæŒç¿ã¯ãäžåœãšãã£ãªãã³ãªã©ã®åœã ã®éã«ããããã®ç·åŒµãçã¿åºããŸãããäžåœæµ·èŠå±ã®3é»ããè»äºè£ åã茞éãã2é»ã®ãã£ãªãã³è£çµŠè¹ã®ééãé»æ¢ããäžåœè¹ã«æŸæ°Žç ²ãæèŒããŠäººå¡ãçºç ²ããããäžåœã¯ããã£ãªãã³ããã®è¹ãæµ·è»ç®¡èœå€ã§éèªããŠãããšäž»åŒµããããã£ãªãã³ã¯ããã®äºä»¶ã¯ããã£ãªãã³ãšäžåœã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠããèªã£ãŠããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãå察ããã
ASEAN宣èšã®åæã«ã¯ããæ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœãåæ ãšååã§çµæããå ±åã®åªåãšç ç²ãéããŠãåœæ°ãšåŸäžã®ããã«å¹³åãèªç±ãç¹æ ã®ç¥çŠã確ä¿ãããšããéåçãªæå¿ããšæžãããŠããŸãã ãã
##ASEANã®æŽå²
æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åã¯ã1967幎ã«ã€ã³ããã·ã¢ããã¬ãŒã·ã¢ããã£ãªãã³ãã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ãã¿ã€ã®å€çžã«ãã£ãŠèšç«ãããŸããã圌ãããã³ã³ã¯ã§çœ²åããææžã¯ãASEANã®å§ãŸãã瀺ããŸããã 5人ã®å€çžã¯ãçŸä»£äžçã§æã匷åãªå¿ èª ã®1ã€ã§ããæ¿åºéåœå®¶ã®çµç¹ã®åµèšè ãšèŠãªãããŠããŸãã
åœåã®ASEANææžã¯ãçµæžã瀟äŒãæåãæè¡ãæè²ããã®ä»ã®åœå®¶éã®ååã確ç«ããããšãç®çãšãã5ã€ã®èšäºã®ã¿ã«åºã¥ããŠããŸããã ASEAN宣èšã¯ãå çåœãçµéããŠãåè¿°ã®åçã®çºå±çåŽé¢ã«åãçµãã ãã§ãªããåœé£æ²ç« ã®ååã®ç¯å²å ã«ååšããæ£çŸ©ãšæ³ã®æ¯é ã®å°éãæ¯æŽããæ¹æ³ã§ãããè¡ã£ãã
ASEANã¯ããã£ãªãã³ãšãã¬ãŒã·ã¢ã®éã®çŽäºãã¿ã€ã仲ä»ããŠããçŽäºã®ããã«èªçããŸãããååœã¯ãä»ã®æé·ããå¢åã®åœ±é¿ãšæŠãããã«å£çµããªãéããåã ã®åœã®åãå±éºã«ãããããŠãããšããæ確ãªéåçãªç¬éãæã£ãŠããŸããã
ã¢ã€ãã¢ã®æ§æ³ãšæ²ç« ã®çœ²åã®é¢ä¿è ã«ãããšãæåã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ããææžã®èµ·èãŸã§ã®å šããã»ã¹ã¯æ°ã¶æããããããŸããã§ãããã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ã¯æåŸãšèŠãªãããŠããŸããããå°ççããã³çµæžçã«éèŠã§ãããããããªãã®èŠæš¡ã«ãªããŸãããå çåœã¯ãã³ã³ã¯è¿éã§4æ¥éå¬éããããã¹ãŠã®æç®ã¯äº€æžãããªãã¹ã ãŒãºã§ãããå çåœã®ãããã«ãæããäžåœãªæ±ãããªãããšãææããŠããŸãã ASEANåçã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ããææžã®çœ²åãŸã§ããã14ã¶æããããããŸããã§ããã
##çµè«
æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åã¯ããã®çµæžç圱é¿åãšäžåœãšç±³åœã®éã®äœçœ®ã¥ãã®äž¡æ¹ã®ç¹ã§ãäžçã®èå°ã§å€§ããªãã¬ãŒã€ãŒã§ãããããã¯ã§ããçµç¹ã®çºå±ãšç®æšã¯ç¹æ ã«æ ¹ãããŠããŸãããåœéçãªéãã«ãããçµç¹å ã®èª¿åã¯å°é£ãªäœæ¥ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
##ãã€ã©ã€ã
-ASEANã¯10ãåœã®çµç¹ã§ãããäžåœãæ¥æ¬ãéåœãå«ãASEAN+3ãšåŒã°ããæ¡åŒµæ©èœããããŸãã
-æ±åã¢ãžã¢è«žåœé£åïŒASEANïŒã¯ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã®10ãåœã®ã°ã«ãŒãã§ãããæ¿æ²»çãçµæžçãæåçãªæé·ãšé£åž¯ãä¿é²ããããã«ååããŠããŸãã
-çµç¹ã¯äžåœãšç±³åœã®äž¡æ¹ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§åãããŠããããããããªã±ãŒããªæ¿æ²»ç°å¢ãäœãåºããŠããŸãã
-1995幎以æ¥ãASEANå çåœã¯ãé¢çšåŒãäžãã®åªåãæåããåŸãäºãã«èªç±è²¿æå°åã享åããŠããŸããã
-åã·ãæµ·ã§ã®äº€æè·¯ãšæŒæ¥æš©ããããäºãã¯ãASEANã®äžççãªåœ±é¿åã匱äœåãããç°å€ªå¹³æŽããŒãããŒã·ããïŒTPPïŒã®å€±æãéšåçã«éé£ããŠããã
ïŒïŒãããã質å
ASEANã®äžå¿æ§ãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ã§ããïŒ
ASEANã®äžå¿æ§ã¯ãäžåœãç±³åœãªã©ã®å€äº€åœã®è åšãèªèãããçµæãšããŠãASEANå çåœã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãå°åã®å®å šä¿éãšçµæžããã»ã¹ã®æŠå¿µã§ãããã®å°åã§ã®äžåœãšç±³åœã®ç«¶äºãæ¿åããASEANè«žåœãšåè¿°ã®2ã€ã®è¶ 倧åœãšã®éã§åçãçµã°ããã«ã€ããŠãååã«ãã£ãŠæš©åã倱ããªãããã«ASEANè«žåœã¯ååããå¿ èŠããããšããèãã§ãã ASEANè«žåœãšå°çã®éèŠæ§ãå¢ãã«ã€ããååœã¯ã匷åã§çµ±äžãããã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ããç¶ããããã«ãæ¿åããå°åã®å§åã«é©å¿ããã§ãããã
ASEAN + 3ãåœãšã¯äœã§ããïŒ
ASEAN + 3ïŒAPTïŒã¯ããã«ãã€ãã«ã³ããžã¢ãã€ã³ããã·ã¢ãã©ãªã¹ããã¬ãŒã·ã¢ããã£ã³ããŒããã£ãªãã³ãã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ãã¿ã€ããããã ïŒASEANè«žåœïŒãšäžè¯äººæ°å ±ååœã®ASEANè«žåœãããªãåœã®ã°ã«ãŒãã§ããæ¥æ¬ãããã³éåœïŒéåœïŒã ASEAN + 3ã¯1997幎ã«å§ãŸããæ¿æ²»çå®å šä¿éã貿æãæè³ãéèããšãã«ã®ãŒã芳å ã蟲æ¥ãææ¥ãç°å¢ãæè²ãå¥åº·ãæåãèžè¡ãªã©ãæ¡å€§ããæ·±ããããã«ãåœå ã§ååçãªæ çµã¿ãæšé²ããŠããŸãã APTã¯ãASEANããžã§ã³2025ã®ç®æšãéæããããã®åãçµã¿ãæ¯æŽããŸãã
ASEANããžã§ã³2025ãšã¯äœã§ããïŒ
ASEANã³ãã¥ããã£ããžã§ã³2025ãšãåŒã°ããASEANããžã§ã³2025ã¯ã2015幎ãã2025幎ãŸã§ã®ASEANã³ãã¥ããã£ã®éçã瀺ãã2015幎ã«ASEANãªãŒããŒã«ãã£ãŠçœ²åããã宣èšã§ãã ãASEANã®äººã ãèªèãåºæ¬çãªèªç±ãžã®ç®èº«ã人暩ããããŠASEANã®äººã ã®ããè¯ãç掻ã匷調ããããšã«ãã£ãŠã