H-Shares

What Are H-Shares?

H-shares are shares of Chinese mainland companies that are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other foreign exchange. Although H-shares are regulated by Chinese law, they are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and are traded similarly as other equities on the Hong Kong exchange. H-shares are available for in excess of 230 Chinese companies giving investors access to a large portion of the major economic sectors, such as financials, industrials, and utilities.

Understanding H-Shares

After 2007, China began to allow mainland Chinese investors to purchase A-shares or H-shares of companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Before that, Chinese investors could purchase A-shares although H-shares were also offered to foreign investors. Because foreign investors may trade H-shares, the shares are more liquid than A-shares. Thus, A-shares typically trade at a premium to H-shares of the same company.

Differences Between A-Shares and H-Shares

A-shares are offered by public Chinese companies trading on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges or other Chinese stock exchanges. A-shares are typically quoted in Chinese renminbi and traded by mainland Chinese residents. Foreign investment in these organizations is regulated through the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor system. In contrast, public Chinese companies offering H-shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In addition, H-shares are quoted in Hong Kong dollars and openly traded by all types of investors.

Regulation of H-Shares

Companies offering H-shares must follow the regulations depicted in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong's (SEHK) Listing Rules for the Main Board and for the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). The rules state that annual accounts must follow Hong Kong or international accounting standards. A company's articles of incorporation must incorporate segments clarifying the varying nature of domestic shares and foreign shares including H-shares. The articles must also state the rights given to each purchaser. The areas protecting investors must follow the laws of Hong Kong and be remembered for the company's constitutional archives. Otherwise, the processes of listing and trading H-shares are similar to those of other stocks in Hong Kong.

Stock Connect Between Shanghai and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges

In November 2014, the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect linked the stock exchanges of Shanghai and Hong Kong. Rules restricting which types of investors may purchase A-shares and H-shares were modified to broaden the assets of Chinese investors, increase efficiencies for trading in Chinese stocks and remember Chinese companies for global benchmark stock indices. Because the stock market in China was unified, it became one of the largest stock exchanges worldwide according to market cap and daily trading turnover.

Example of H-Shares

In July 2016, Fullerton Financial Holdings Pte Ltd., a unit of Temasek Holdings (Private) Ltd., sold 555 million H-shares in China Construction Bank Corporation as part of regular investment portfolio adjustments. Therefore, Fullerton and ST Asset Management Ltd., also a unit of Temasek, diminished their H-shares from 5.03% to 4.81%.