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가중 평균 만기(WAM)

가중 평균 만기(WAM)

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ(WAM)๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ(WAM)๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ถŒ(MBS) ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด ์ฆ๊ถŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. WAM์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. WAM์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

WAM์€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์—ฐ๋ น(WALA) ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด

WAM์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ์›” ๋˜๋Š” ๋…„ ์ˆ˜ ์— ๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

WAM์€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฎค์ถ”์–ผ ํŽ€๋“œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ WAM ์ง€์นจ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŽ€๋“œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” WAM์ด ์งง๊ฒŒ๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 30๋…„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํˆฌ์ž ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ชฉํ‘œ์—๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ WAM์€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์™€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €์˜ ํˆฌ์ž ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๊ณผ WAM์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ž˜๋”๋ง ์€ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ์ผ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ, ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ž˜๋”๋ง ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ธˆ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด์ž์œจ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ž์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์žฌํˆฌ์žํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ž˜๋”๋ง์€ ์†Œ๋“ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์ž์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” WAM์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

WAM์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํˆฌ์ž์ž๊ฐ€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ณด์œ ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” $30,000 ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฑ„๊ถŒ A๋Š” $5,000 ์ฑ„๊ถŒ(์ „์ฒด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ 16.7%)์ด๋ฉฐ 10๋…„ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

  • ๋ณธ๋“œ B๋Š” 6๋…„ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ $10,000 ํˆฌ์ž(33.3%)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฑ„๊ถŒ C, 4๋…„ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ์˜ $15,000 ์ฑ„๊ถŒ(50%).

WAM์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์— ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (16.7% X 10๋…„) + (33.3% X 6๋…„) + (50% X 4๋…„) = 5.67๋…„ , ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 5๋…„ 8๊ฐœ์›”.

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์—ฐ๋ น

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ(WAM)์™€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์—ฐ๋ น(WALA)์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋‹ด๋ณด ์ฆ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ WAM์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ถŒ ํ’€์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์ด ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์ž์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

WALA๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ WAM์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. WAM์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋ฌด ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ์›” ๋˜๋Š” ๋…„ ์ˆ˜ ์— ๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

##ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ

  • WAM์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก WAM์ด ์งง์€ MBS๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์‹ ์šฉ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ๊ธฐ(WAM)๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ถŒ(MBS)์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • WAM์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” MBS ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์—ฐ๋ น(WALA)์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.