会計
##äŒèšãšã¯äœã§ããïŒ
äŒèšã¯ãããžãã¹ã«é¢é£ããéèååŒãèšé²ããããã»ã¹ã§ããäŒèšåŠçã«ã¯ããããã®ååŒã®èŠçŽãåæãããã³ç£ç£æ©é¢ãèŠå¶åœå±ãããã³åŸŽçšäºæ¥äœãžã®å ±åãå«ãŸããŸããäŒèšã§äœ¿çšããã財åè«žè¡šã¯ãäŒèšæéã«ããã財åååŒã®ç°¡æœãªèŠçŽã§ãããäŒç€Ÿã®äºæ¥ã財æ¿ç¶æ ãããã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããŒãèŠçŽãããã®ã§ãã
##äŒèšã®ããã¿
äŒèšã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã®ããžãã¹ã®éèŠãªæ©èœã®1ã€ã§ããããã¯ãå°ããªäŒç€Ÿã®ç°¿èšä¿ãäŒèšå£«ããŸãã¯å€§äŒæ¥ã®æ°å人ã®åŸæ¥å¡ãæ±ãã倧èŠæš¡ãªè²¡åéšéã«ãã£ãŠåŠçãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããå䟡èšç®ã管çäŒèšãªã©ã®ããŸããŸãªäŒèšã¹ããªãŒã ã«ãã£ãŠçæãããã¬ããŒãã¯ãçµå¶é£ãæ å ±ã«åºã¥ããããžãã¹äžã®ææ決å®ãè¡ãã®ã«éåžžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
倧äŒæ¥ã®äºæ¥ã財æ¿ç¶æ ãããã³ç¹å®ã®æéã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããŒãèŠçŽãã財åè«žè¡šã¯ãæ°åã®åå¥ã®è²¡åååŒã«åºã¥ãç°¡æœã§çµ±åãããã¬ããŒãã§ããçµæãšããŠããã¹ãŠã®å°éçãªäŒèšã®æå®ã¯ãæäœå¹Žæ°ã®å®éã®äŒèšçµéšãšçµã¿åããããé·å¹Žã®ç 究ãšå³æ Œãªæ€æ»ã®é倧æã§ãã
##äŒèšã®æŽå²
äŒèšã®æŽå²ã¯ããéãã®ãã®ãšã»ãŒåããããé·ãéååšããŠããŸãããäŒèšã®æŽå²ã¯ãã¡ãœãã¿ãã¢ããšãžããããããã³ã®å€ä»£ææã«ãŸã§ããã®ãŒããŸããããšãã°ãããŒãåžåœæ代ãæ¿åºã¯è²¡æ¿ã®è©³çŽ°ãªèšé²ãæã£ãŠããŸãããããããè·æ¥ãšããŠã®çŸä»£ã®äŒèšã¯ã19äžçŽåé ããå§ãŸã£ãã°ããã§ãã
ã«ã«ã»ããã§ãŒãªã¯ãè·æ¥ãšããŠã®äŒèšã®çºå±ã«è²¢ç®ããããšããããäŒèšãšç°¿èšã®ç¶ããšèŠãªãããŠããŸããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®æ°åŠè ã§ã¬ãªãã«ãã»ãã»ãŽã£ã³ãã®å人ã§ããããã§ãŒãªã¯ã1494幎ã«è€åŒç°¿èšã®ã·ã¹ãã ã«é¢ããæ¬ãåºçããŸããã
1880幎ãŸã§ã«ãçŸä»£ã®äŒèšå°éè·ã¯å®å šã«åœ¢æãããè±åœãšãŠã§ãŒã«ãºã®å ¬èªäŒèšå£«åäŒã«ãã£ãŠæ¿èªãããŸããããã®ç 究æã¯ãäŒèšå£«ãä»æ¥å®è·µããã·ã¹ãã ã®å€ããäœæããŸãããç 究æã®èšç«ã¯ãäž»ã«ç£æ¥é©åœã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ãããŸãããå人ã¯èªåã®èšé²ã远跡ããå¿ èŠãããã ãã§ãªããç Žç£ãåé¿ããããšããŸããã
責任ããå°é家å èš±ã®ããã®åçïŒARPLïŒã¯ãå ¬èªäŒèšå£«ã«ãªãããã®èŠä»¶ãããå¯å€§ã«ããäžé£ã®å·ã®èŠå¶ç·©åææ¡ã«å¿ããŠã2019幎8æã«çµæãããŸããã ARPLã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ãäŒèšå£«ã建ç¯å®¶ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªé«åºŠãªå°é家ã°ã«ãŒãã®é£åäœã§ãã
##äŒèšã®çš®é¡
äŒèšå£«ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ååŒãèšé²ããããç¹å®ã®æ å ±ã»ãããæäœãããããä»»åãè² ãå ŽåããããŸãããã®ãããã»ãšãã©ã®äŒèšå£«ãã°ã«ãŒãåã§ããããã€ãã®å¹ åºãã°ã«ãŒãããããŸãã
ïŒïŒïŒ 財åäŒèš
財åäŒèšãšã¯ãäžéããã³å¹Žæ¬¡è²¡åè«žè¡šãçæããããã«äœ¿çšãããããã»ã¹ãæããŸããäŒèšæéäžã«çºçãããã¹ãŠã®éèååŒã®çµæã¯ã貞åå¯Ÿç §è¡šãæçèšç®æžãããã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããŒèšç®æžã«èŠçŽãããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®äŒæ¥ã®è²¡åè«žè¡šã¯ãå€éšã®å ¬èªäŒèšå£«äºåæã«ãã£ãŠæ¯å¹Žç£æ»ãããŠããŸãã
äžå ŽäŒæ¥ãªã©ã®äžéšã®äŒæ¥ã«ãšã£ãŠãç£æ»ã¯æ³çèŠä»¶ã§ãããã ãã貞ãæã¯éåžžãåµåå¥çŽã®äžéšãšããŠæ¯å¹Žå€éšç£æ»ã®çµæãèŠæ±ããŸãããããã£ãŠãã»ãšãã©ã®äŒæ¥ã¯ãäœããã®çç±ã§å¹Žæ¬¡ç£æ»ãå®æœããŸãã
###管çäŒèš
管çäŒèšã¯ã財åäŒèšãšåãããŒã¿ã®å€ãã䜿çšããŸãããããŸããŸãªæ¹æ³ã§æ å ±ãæŽçããã³å©çšããŸããã€ãŸãã管çäŒèšã§ã¯ãäŒèšå£«ãæ次ãŸãã¯ååæããšã®ã¬ããŒããçæããããžãã¹ã®ç®¡çããŒã ãããžãã¹ã®éå¶æ¹æ³ã決å®ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã管çäŒèšã«ã¯ãäºç®ç·šæãäºæž¬ãããŸããŸãªè²¡ååæããŒã«ãªã©ãäŒèšã®ä»ã®å€ãã®åŽé¢ãå«ãŸããŸããåºæ¬çã«ã管çã«åœ¹ç«ã€å¯èœæ§ã®ããæ å ±ã¯ãã¹ãŠããã®åã®äžã«ãããŸãã
ïŒïŒïŒ å䟡èšç®
管çäŒèšãäŒæ¥ã管çã«ã€ããŠæ±ºå®ããã®ãå©ããã®ãšåãããã«ãå䟡èšç®ã¯äŒæ¥ãå䟡èšç®ã«ã€ããŠæ±ºå®ããã®ãå©ããŸããåºæ¬çã«ãå䟡èšç®ã§ã¯ã補åã®è£œé ã«é¢é£ãããã¹ãŠã®ã³ã¹ããèæ ®ãããŸããã¢ããªã¹ãããããŒãžã£ãŒãããžãã¹ãªãŒããŒãããã³äŒèšå£«ã¯ããã®æ å ±ã䜿çšããŠã補åã®ã³ã¹ãã決å®ããŸããå䟡èšç®ã§ã¯ããéã¯çç£ã®çµæžçèŠå ãšããŠãã£ã¹ããããŸããã財åäŒèšã§ã¯ããéã¯äŒæ¥ã®çµæžçããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®å°ºåºŠãšèŠãªãããŸãã
ïŒïŒïŒ çšåäŒèš
財åäŒèšå£«ã¯äŒæ¥ã®è²¡æ¿ç¶æ ãå ±åããããã«1ã€ã®ã«ãŒã«ã»ããã䜿çšããããšããããããŸãããçšç士ã¯å¥ã®ã«ãŒã«ã»ããã䜿çšããããšããããããŸãããããã®èŠåã¯ãæåºãããŠããè¿åã«åºã¥ããŠãé£éŠãå·ããŸãã¯å°æ¹ã¬ãã«ã§èšå®ãããŸããçšåäŒèšã¯ãæ éãªæŠç¥çææ決å®ãéããŠäŒæ¥ã®çŽçšçŸ©åãæå°éã«æããããšãè©Šã¿ãªãããå ±åèŠåã®éµå®ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåããŸããçšç士ã¯ãå€ãã®å ŽåãäŒæ¥ã®çšåããã»ã¹å šäœãã€ãŸãçµç¹å³ã®æŠç¥çäœæãéçšãã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãå ±åãããã³çŽçšçŸ©åã®ééãç£ç£ããŸãã
##äŒèšå°éè·
åºæ¬çãªäŒèšæ©èœã¯ããã¯ããŒããŒãåŠçã§ããŸãããé«åºŠãªäŒèšã¯éåžžãç±³åœã®å ¬èªäŒèšå£«ïŒCPAïŒãå ¬èªç®¡çäŒèšå£«ïŒCMAïŒãªã©ã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãæã€è³æ Œã®ããäŒèšå£«ãåŠçããŸãã
å ¬èªäŒèšå£«ïŒCAïŒãå ¬èªç®¡çäŒèšå£«ïŒCGAïŒãããã³å ¬èªç®¡çäŒèšå£«ïŒCMAïŒã®3ã€ã®ã¬ã¬ã·ãŒèšèšããå ¬èªäŒèšå£«ïŒCPAïŒã®æå®ã®äžã§çµ±åãããŠããŸãã
äŒèšå°é家ã®äž»èŠãªæ§æèŠçŽ ã¯ãããã°ãã©ãŒãã§ãããããã®4ã€ã®æ倧ã®äŒèšäºåæã¯ãç£æ»ãã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°ãçšå顧åãããã³ãã®ä»ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãå®æœããŠããŸãããããã®äŒæ¥ã¯ãä»ã®å€ãã®äžå°äŒæ¥ãšãšãã«ãäžè¬çã«è²¡åããã³çšåäŒèšã«å©èšããå ¬äŒèšã®é åãæ§æããŠããŸãã
çµçã®ãã£ãªã¢ã¯ãæ¥çãéšéããããã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸããé¢é£ãã圹è·ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãå«ãŸããŸãã
-**ç£æ»äººïŒå éšãŸãã¯å€éšïŒïŒ**å ±åèŠä»¶ãžã®æºæ ãšäŒç€Ÿè³ç£ã®ä¿è·ãä¿èšŒããŸãã
-**æ³å»·äŒèšå£«ïŒ**å人ãŸãã¯äŒæ¥ã®ååŒã調æ»ããããã«ãå éšãŸãã¯å€éšã®æŽ»åãç£èŠããŸãã
-**çšç士ïŒ**ã¯ãçŽçšçŸ©åãæå°éã«æããçšåå ±åãžã®ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã確ä¿ããããã«ãæé©ãªäºæ¥æ§æãæŠç¥çã«èšç»ããŸãã
-**管çäŒèšå£«ïŒ**ã¯ãéèååŒãåæããŠãååã®è£œé ã«é¢é£ããããšãå€ããææ ®æ·±ãæŠç¥çãªæšå¥šäºé ãäœæããŸãã
-**æ å ±æè¡ã¢ããªã¹ã/äŒèšå£«ïŒ**ã¯ãäŒèšèšé²ãåŠçããã³ä¿åãããã·ã¹ãã ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ãç¶æããŸãã
-**ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒïŒ**ã¯ã財åå ±åãè²·æéã売æéãããã³èª¿éã®äŒèšæ©èœãç£ç£ããŸãã
2021幎12æã®æç¹ã§ãç±³åœã®å¹³åçãªå ¬èªäŒèšå£«ã¯å¹Žé101,779ãã«ã皌ããŸããã
##äŒèšèŠå
ã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãäŒèšå£«ã¯ç±³åœã§è²¡åè«žè¡šãäœæããéã«äžè¬ã«å ¬æ£åŠ¥åœãšèªããããäŒèšååïŒGAAPïŒã䜿çšããŸããGAAPã¯ãæ¥çå šäœã®è²¡åå ±åã®æ¯èŒå¯èœæ§ãšäžè²«æ§ãåäžãããããã«èšèšãããäžé£ã®åºæºãšååã§ãããã®åºæºã¯ããã¹ãŠã®äŒèšååŒã貞åå¯Ÿç §è¡šãšæçèšç®æžã«ããŒã«ã¢ããããã2ã€ã®å¥åã®ç·åå®å åž³åå®ã«åæ¹ãšè²žæ¹ã®äž¡æ¹ãšããŠå ¥åãããæ¹æ³ã§ããäºéå ¥åäŒèšã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
åœé財åå ±ååºæºïŒIFRSïŒãšåŒã°ããåœéäŒèšåºæºå¯©è°äŒã«ãã£ãŠç®¡çãããäžé£ã®åºæºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
ç±³åœã§ã®ç³åãç£ç£ããçšç士ã¯ãå åœæ³å ¥åºããã®ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã«äŸåããŠããŸããé£éŠçšç³åæžã¯ãå åœæ³å ¥æ³ïŒIRCïŒã§æŠèª¬ãããŠããçšåã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã«æºæ ããå¿ èŠããããŸããçšåå£åº§ã¯ãŸããäºæ¥ãäºæ¥ãè¡ã管èœåºåã«ãã£ãŠæŠèª¬ãããŠããããã«ãå·çšãŸãã¯é¡çšã«é ŒãããšããããŸããå€åœäŒæ¥ã¯ãç³åãããªããã°ãªããªãåœã®çšåã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã«åŸããªããã°ãªããŸããã
##ç¹å¥ãªèæ ®äºé
äŒèšå£«ã¯ãã°ãã°ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã掻çšããŠä»äºãæ¯æŽããŸããäžéšã®äŒèšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯ãQuickBooksãQuickenãFreshBooksãXeroãSlickPieãSage 50ãªã©ã®äžå°äŒæ¥ã«é©ããŠãããšèããããŠããŸãã倧äŒæ¥ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã¬ããŒãããŒãºãšçµ±åããããã®ã¯ããã«è€éãªãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæã£ãŠããããšããããããŸããããã«ã¯ãã¢ããªã³ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãŸãã¯å®¶åºçšãœãããŠã§ã¢ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå«ãŸããŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªäŒèšãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯ãOracleãNetSuiteããŸãã¯Sage補åãå«ãŸããŸãã
###äŒèšãµã€ã¯ã«
財åäŒèšå£«ã¯éåžžãåãæé ãé çªã«å®è¡ããããã¹ãŠã®ã¬ããŒãæéãç¹°ãè¿ããã埪ç°ç°å¢ã§åäœããŸãããããã®ã¹ãããã¯ãå€ãã®å ŽåãäŒèšãµã€ã¯ã«ãçã®ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ å ±ãååŸãããããäŒèšã·ã¹ãã ã«å ¥åããé¢é£æ§ã®ããæ£ç¢ºãªè²¡åã¬ããŒããå®è¡ããããã»ã¹ãšåŒã°ããŸããäŒèšãµã€ã¯ã«ã®ã¹ãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
1.è«æ±æžãéè¡ååŒæ现æžãé åæžãæ¯æãèŠæ±ãçŸéåãããŠããªãå°åæãã¯ã¬ãžããã«ãŒãååŒæ现æžããŸãã¯ããžãã¹ååŒãå«ãå¯èœæ§ã®ãããã®ä»ã®åªäœãªã©ã®ååŒæ å ±ãåéããŸãã
1.ã¹ããã1ã®é ç®ã®ç·åå®å åž³ã«ä»èš³ã転èšããå¯èœãªå Žåã¯ãã€ã§ãå€éšææžãšç §åããŸãã
è©Šç®è¡šãæºåããŠããã¹ãŠã®åæ¹ãšè²žæ¹ã®æ®é«ããã³éèŠãªç·åå®å åž³ã®åå®ç§ç®ãæ£ãã衚瀺ãããããã«ããŸãã
1.ã¹ããã3ã§å®è¡ãããè©Šç®è¡šã«å ããããå€æŽãåæ ããããã«ãæéã®çµããã«èª¿æŽä»èš³ã転èšããŸãã
1.調æŽãããè©Šç®è¡šãæºåããŠããããã®è²¡åæ®é«ãå®è³ªçã«æ£ããåççã§ããããšã確èªããŸãã
1.ç¹å®ã®ã¬ããŒãæéã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèŠçŽãã財åè«žè¡šãæºåããŸãã
###ãã£ãã·ã¥æ¹åŒãšçºç䞻矩äŒèš
éèå£åº§ã«ã¯ãåŸãããšãéžæã§ãã2ã€ã®ç°ãªãã«ãŒã«ã»ããããããŸããæåã®ãçºç䞻矩äŒèšã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãäžã§è°è«ãããŸããããããã®èŠåã¯GAAPããã³IFRSã«ãã£ãŠæŠèª¬ãããŠãããå ¬éäŒæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠèŠæ±ãããŠãããäž»ã«å€§äŒæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠäœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
2çªç®ã®ã«ãŒã«ã»ããã¯ãçŸé䞻矩ã®äŒèšæ¹æ³ã«åŸããŸããçŸéæ³ã§ã¯ãååŒãçºçãããšãã«èšé²ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããçŸéã亀æããããšãã«ã®ã¿ååŒãèšé²ããããã«èŠå®ãããŠããŸããäŒèšã®æ¹æ³ãåçŽåãããŠãããããçŸéæ³ã¯ãçºç䞻矩ã®äŒèšæ¹æ³ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠã®ãªãäžå°äŒæ¥ãŸãã¯äºæ¥äœã«ãã£ãŠäœ¿çšãããããšããããããŸãã
äŒç€Ÿãã¯ã¬ãžããã§1,000ãã«ã®åšåº«ãè³Œå ¥ãããšããŸããåšåº«ã®æ¯æãã¯30æ¥ä»¥å ã«è¡ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
-çºç䞻矩äŒèšã§ã¯ãçºæ³šæã«ä»èš³ãèšé²ãããŸãããšã³ããªã«ã¯ãåšåº«ïŒè³ç£ïŒãžã®åæ¹ã$ 1,000ã§ãè²·æéïŒè² åµïŒãžã®è²žæ¹ã$1,000ã§èšé²ãããŸãã 30æ¥ãçµéããåšåº«ãå®éã«æ¯æããããšãäŒç€Ÿã¯2çªç®ã®ä»èš³å ¥åã転èšããŸããè²·æéïŒè² åµïŒãžã®åæ¹ã¯1,000ãã«ãçŸéãžã®è²žæ¹ïŒè³ç£ïŒã¯1,000ãã«ã§ãã
-çŸéäŒèšã§ã¯ãä»èš³ã¯çŸéãæ£åžè³ç£ã«äº€æãããå Žåã«ã®ã¿èšé²ãããŸãã泚ææã«ãšã³ããªã¯ãããŸããã代ããã«ãäŒç€Ÿã¯åšåº«ã®æ¯æãæã«1ã€ã®ãžã£ãŒãã«ãšã³ããªã®ã¿ãå ¥åããŸãããšã³ããªã¯ã1,000ãã«ã®åšåº«ïŒè³ç£ïŒãžã®åæ¹ãš1,000ãã«ã®çŸéïŒè³ç£ïŒãžã®è²žæ¹ã§ãã
ããã2ã€ã®äŒèšæ¹æ³ã®éãã¯ãçºç䞻矩ã®æ±ãã§ããåœç¶ãçºç䞻矩äŒèšã§ã¯ãçºç䞻矩ãå¿ èŠã§ããçŸéæ³ã§ã¯ãèŠè¶é¡ã¯äžèŠã§ãããèšé²ãããŸããã
蚌åžååŒå§å¡äŒã«ã¯ãå ¬éäŒç€Ÿã®å ±åèŠä»¶ãæŠèª¬ãã財åå ±åããã¥ã¢ã«å šäœããããŸãã
##äŒèšãéèŠãªçç±
çµçã¯ãåŸæ¥å¡ã顧客ã補åéçºè ããŸãã¯è£œé æ¥ãšçŽæ¥ããåãã§ããªãããã¯ãªãã£ã¹æ©èœã§ãããã ããäŒèšã¯ãäŒæ¥ã®æŠç¥çèšç»ãæé·ãããã³ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹èŠä»¶ã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãã
-**äŒæ¥ã®æé·ã«ã¯äŒèšãå¿ èŠã§ãã**ããžãã¹ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã«é¢ããæŽå¯ããªããã°ãäŒæ¥ãäºæž¬ãéããŠè³¢æãªè²¡åäžã®æ±ºå®ãäžãããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ããçµçããªããã°ãäŒæ¥ã¯ã©ã®è£œåããã¹ãã»ã©ãŒã§ããããåéšéã§ã©ãã ãã®å©çãåŸãããŠãããããããŠã©ã®ãããªéæ¥è²»ãå©çã劚ããŠããããç¥ãããšãã§ããŸããã
-**è³é調éã«ã¯äŒèšãå¿ èŠã§ãã**å€éšæè³å®¶ã¯ãèªåãäœã«æè³ããŠããã®ããç¥ã£ãŠãããšããèªä¿¡ãæ±ããŠããŸããæ°éè³éã調éããåã«ãæè³å®¶ã¯éåžžãäŒç€Ÿã®å šäœçãªå¥å šæ§ãè©äŸ¡ããããã«è²¡åè«žè¡šïŒå€ãã®å Žåç£æ»æžã¿ïŒãèŠæ±ããŸããåãã«ãŒã«ãåµåèè³ã«ãé¢ä¿ããŸããéè¡ããã®ä»ã®è²žä»æ©é¢ã¯ãããŒã³ãçºè¡ããããã®åŒåããã³ã¬ãã¥ãŒããã»ã¹ã®äžç°ãšããŠãäŒèšèŠåã«æºæ ãã財åè«žè¡šãèŠæ±ããããšããããããŸãã
-**ææè ã®éåºã«ã¯äŒèšãå¿ èŠã§ãã**è²·åãæ€èšããŠããå¯èœæ§ã®ããäžå°äŒæ¥ã¯ãè²·åãŸãã¯å䜵ã®äžç°ãšããŠè²¡åè«žè¡šãæ瀺ããå¿ èŠããããŸããåã«äºæ¥ãééãã代ããã«ãäºæ¥äž»ã¯èªåã®ç«å ŽããçŸéåãããŠãäŒç€Ÿãèšç«ããããã®å ±é ¬ãåãåãããšãè©Šã¿ããããããŸãããäŒç€Ÿãè©äŸ¡ããããã®åºç€ã¯ããã®äŒèšèšé²ã䜿çšããããšã§ãã
-**æ¯æããè¡ãã«ã¯äŒèšãå¿ èŠã§ãã**äŒç€Ÿã¯åœç¶åµåãè² ãããã®åµåã管çãã責任ã®äžéšã¯ãé©åãªåœäºè ã«æéå ã«æ¯æããè¡ãããšã§ãããããã®ããžãã¹é¢ä¿ãç©æ¥µçã«ä¿é²ããªããã°ãäŒæ¥ã¯äž»èŠãªãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒããã³ããŒãšã®é¢ä¿ãç¯ãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŒèšãéããŠãäŒç€Ÿã¯åžžã«èª°ã«åµåãè² ã£ãŠããã®ãããããŠãããã®åµåããã€æ¯æãããã®ããç¥ãããšãã§ããŸãã
-**æ¯æããååããã«ã¯äŒèšãå¿ èŠã§ãã**äŒæ¥ã¯é¡§å®¢ã«ã¯ã¬ãžãããæäŸããããšã«åæããå ŽåããããŸããå¥çŽæã«çŸéãéãã代ããã«ãããã30ãªã©ã®ååŒä¿¡çšæ¡ä»¶ã顧客ã«äžããå ŽåããããŸããäŒèšããªããšãäŒæ¥ã¯èª°ããéãåããŠããã®ãããã€ãã®ãéãåãåãã®ãã远跡ããã®ã«èŠåŽããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
-**äŒèšãå¿ èŠã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã**å ¬éäŒç€Ÿã¯ãGAAPãŸãã¯IFRSã«æºæ ããå®æçãªè²¡åè«žè¡šãçºè¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããããã®è²¡åè«žè¡šããªããšãäŒç€Ÿã¯ååŒæããäžå Žå»æ¢ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããé©åãªçšåäŒèšã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ããªããšãäŒæ¥ã¯çœ°éã眰éãç§ããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
##äŒèšã®äŸ
è€åŒç°¿èšã説æããããã«ãäŒæ¥ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®1ã€ã«è«æ±æžãéä¿¡ãããšããŸããè€åŒç°¿èšæ³ã䜿çšããäŒèšå£«ã¯ã貞åå¯Ÿç §è¡šã«æµãã売æéãžã®åæ¹ãšãæçèšç®æžã«æµãã売äžåçãžã®è²žæ¹ãèšé²ããŸãã
ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããè«æ±æžãæ¯æããšãäŒèšå£«ã¯å£²æéã貞æ¹ã«èšå ¥ããçŸéãåæ¹ã«èšå ¥ããŸããè€åŒç°¿èšã¯ããã¹ãŠã®äŒèšä»èš³ãäºãã«åè¡¡ããŠããããã垳簿ã®åè¡¡ãšãåŒã°ããŸãããšã³ããªã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåããŠããªãå ŽåãäŒèšå£«ã¯ç·åå®å åž³ã®ã©ããã«ééããããã«éããªãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
##ãã€ã©ã€ã
-å°éã®äŒèšå£«ã¯ã財åè«žè¡šãäœæããéã«ãäžè¬ã«å ¬æ£åŠ¥åœãšèªããããäŒèšååïŒGAAPïŒãšããŠç¥ãããäžé£ã®åºæºã«åŸããŸãã
-äŒèšã¯ãæŠç¥çèšç»ãå€éšã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãè³é調éãããã³éçšç®¡çã®éèŠãªæ©èœã§ãã
-äŒæ¥ã®äŒèšã®2ã€ã®éèŠãªã¿ã€ãã¯ã管çäŒèšãšå䟡èšç®ã§ãã管çäŒèšã¯ã管çããŒã ãããžãã¹äžã®ææ決å®ãè¡ãã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããå䟡èšç®ã¯ãããžãã¹ãªãŒããŒã補åã®ã³ã¹ãã決å®ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
-ç°¿èšä¿ã¯åºæ¬çãªäŒèšã®ããŒãºãåŠçã§ããŸãããå ¬èªäŒèšå£«ïŒCPAïŒã¯ããã倧èŠæš¡ãŸãã¯ããé«åºŠãªäŒèšã¿ã¹ã¯ã«å©çšããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
-äºæ¥ã®èŠæš¡ã«é¢ä¿ãªããäŒèšã¯ææ決å®ãã³ã¹ãèšç»ãããã³çµæžçããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®æž¬å®ã«å¿ èŠãªæ©èœã§ãã
ïŒïŒãããã質å
###äŒèšå£«ã®è²¬ä»»ã¯äœã§ããïŒ
äŒèšå£«ã¯ãäŒæ¥ã財åã®æ£ç¢ºã§ã¿ã€ã ãªãŒãªèšé²ãç¶æããã®ãæ¯æŽããŸããäŒèšå£«ã¯ãäŒç€Ÿã®æ¥ã ã®ååŒã®èšé²ãç¶æãããããã®ååŒã貞åå¯Ÿç §è¡šãæçèšç®æžããã£ãã·ã¥ãããŒèšç®æžãªã©ã®è²¡åè«žè¡šã«ãŸãšãã責任ããããŸããäŒèšå£«ã¯ãå®æçãªç£æ»ã®å®æœãèšæã®ç®¡çã¬ããŒãã®äœæãªã©ãä»ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããŸãã
###æè³å®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠäŒèšãéèŠãªã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
äŒèšå£«ãè¡ãä»äºã¯ãçŸä»£ã®éèåžå Žã®äžå¿ã§ããäŒèšããªããã°ãæè³å®¶ã¯ã¿ã€ã ãªãŒã§æ£ç¢ºãªè²¡åæ å ±ã«é Œãããšãã§ãããäŒæ¥ã®çµå¶é£ã¯ãªã¹ã¯ã®ç®¡çããããžã§ã¯ãã®èšç»ã«å¿ èŠãªéææ§ãæ¬ ãããšã«ãªããŸããèŠå¶åœå±ã¯ãŸããäŒæ¥ã®å¹Žæ¬¡10-Kç³åã«é¢ããç£æ»äººã®æèŠãæäŸãããªã©ãéèŠãªæ©èœã«ã€ããŠäŒèšå£«ã«äŸåããŠããŸããèŠããã«ãäŒèšã¯èŠéããããã¡ã§ãããçŸä»£ã®éèãåæ»ã«æ©èœããããã«ã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«éèŠã§ãã
###äŒèšã«ã¯ã©ã®ãããªã¹ãã«ãå¿ èŠã§ããïŒ
äŒèšå£«ã¯ããŸããŸãªçµæŽãæã£ãŠããŸãããã ããäžè¬çã«èšãã°ãäŒèšå£«ã¯äŒç€Ÿã®ã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã®åŸ®åŠãªãšã©ãŒãäžäžèŽã蚺æããŠä¿®æ£ã§ããå¿ èŠãããããã现éšãžã®æ³šæãäŒèšã®éèŠãªèŠçŽ ã§ããè«ççã«èããèœåããåé¡è§£æ±ºãæ¯æŽããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããæ°åŠã®ã¹ãã«ã¯åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãšèšç®æ©ãåºãå©çšã§ãããããåã®äžä»£ã»ã©éèŠã§ã¯ãããŸããã